The meeting focused on ageing-related declines in cognitive performance and the potential for cognitive impairment among individuals with substantial PM exposures and among those with long-term psychiatric conditions. We would also like to acknowledge funding from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (CDC/NIOSH: 200-2011-39361 U01 OH011314 U01 OH010718), and from the National Institute on Aging (NIH/NIA: R01 AG049953 P50 AG005138).Įmerging evidence of cognitive impairment among WTC responders and to consider the potential for a cognitive screening programme for WTC-affected individuals. Reismann for their assistance in planning and participating in the meeting that led to this Perspective. T1 - Cognitive impairment and World Trade Centre-related exposures We conclude by providing a rationale and recommendations for monitoring the neurological health of WTC-affected individuals.Ībstract = "On 11 September 2001 the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York was attacked by terrorists, causing the collapse of multiple buildings including the iconic 110-story 2021, Springer Nature Limited.", Here, we review the existing evidence concerning neurological outcomes in WTC-affected individuals, with the aim of contextualizing this research for policymakers, researchers and clinicians and educating WTC-affected individuals and their friends and families. Despite these findings, little is understood about the long-term effects of these physical and mental exposures on the brain health of WTC-affected individuals, and the potential for neurocognitive disorders. Evidence indicates that neurocognitive symptoms and corresponding brain atrophy are associated with both physical exposures at the WTC and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, including regularly re-experiencing traumatic memories of the events while awake or during sleep. Cortical atrophy, which usually manifests later in life, has also been observed in this population. Twenty years later, researchers have documented neurocognitive and motor dysfunctions that resemble the typical features of neurodegenerative disease in some WTC responders at midlife. Concurrently, these ‘WTC-affected’ individuals breathed and ingested a mixture of organic and particulate neurotoxins and pro-inflammogens generated as a result of the attack and building collapse. Survivors of the attacks, those who worked in search and rescue during and after the buildings collapsed, and those working in recovery and clean-up operations were exposed to severe psychological stressors. Thousands of people died that day from the collapse of the buildings, fires, falling from the buildings, falling debris, or other related accidents. On 11 September 2001 the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York was attacked by terrorists, causing the collapse of multiple buildings including the iconic 110-story ‘Twin Towers’.
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